每日备份 2026-03-27

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+# Financial Metrics Reference
+
+Use these formulas and interpretations consistently. Metric availability may differ across US/CN/HK data providers.
+
+## 1. Profitability
+
+1. Gross Margin
+- Formula: `(Revenue - COGS) / Revenue * 100%`
+- Use: Pricing power and production efficiency.
+
+2. Operating Margin
+- Formula: `Operating Income / Revenue * 100%`
+- Use: Core operating efficiency.
+
+3. Net Margin
+- Formula: `Net Income / Revenue * 100%`
+- Use: End-to-end profitability quality.
+
+4. ROE
+- Formula: `Net Income / Average Equity * 100%`
+- Use: Equity capital efficiency.
+
+5. ROIC
+- Formula: `NOPAT / Invested Capital * 100%`
+- Use: Capital allocation quality across debt and equity.
+
+## 2. Growth
+
+1. Revenue Growth (YoY / QoQ)
+- Formula: `(Current Revenue - Prior Revenue) / Prior Revenue * 100%`
+
+2. EPS Growth
+- Formula: `(Current EPS - Prior EPS) / Prior EPS * 100%`
+
+3. Multi-year CAGR
+- Formula: `(Ending / Beginning)^(1/Years) - 1`
+
+## 3. Valuation
+
+1. P/E (Trailing / Forward)
+- Formula: `Price / EPS`
+
+2. PEG
+- Formula: `P/E / Earnings Growth Rate`
+
+3. P/B
+- Formula: `Price / Book Value Per Share`
+
+4. P/S
+- Formula: `Market Cap / Revenue`
+
+5. EV
+- Formula: `Market Cap + Total Debt - Cash`
+
+6. EV/EBITDA
+- Formula: `EV / EBITDA`
+
+7. EV/Sales
+- Formula: `EV / Revenue`
+
+## 4. Leverage and Liquidity
+
+1. Debt-to-Equity
+- Formula: `Total Debt / Total Equity`
+
+2. Interest Coverage
+- Formula: `EBIT / Interest Expense`
+
+3. Current Ratio
+- Formula: `Current Assets / Current Liabilities`
+
+4. Quick Ratio
+- Formula: `(Current Assets - Inventory) / Current Liabilities`
+
+## 5. Cash Flow Quality
+
+1. Free Cash Flow (FCF)
+- Formula: `Operating Cash Flow - Capital Expenditures`
+
+2. FCF Yield
+- Formula: `FCF Per Share / Price * 100%`
+
+3. Cash Conversion
+- Formula: `FCF / Net Income`
+
+## 6. Interpretation Guidance
+
+1. Always compare metrics against:
+- Company historical range
+- Sector and direct peers
+- Current macro regime
+
+2. Avoid single-metric conclusions.
+3. Flag where accounting standards or reporting cadence reduce cross-market comparability.